Background. With the development of broncho-obstructive syndrome (BOS), spasm, edema, hypercrinia and bronchial dyscrinia occur. Increasing airflow resistance can complicate the course of diseases of the respiratory system. Broncho-obstructive syndrome coexists many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and other abnormal developments of internal organs. The causes of this syndrome are diverse, including bronchial asthma, abnormal developments of the bronchopulmonary system, gastroesophageal reflux, cystic fibrosis and congenital heart diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe clinical cases of pediatric patients with BOS.

Clinical cases description. The article presents clinical cases of patients who were treated at the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Republic of Crimea “Republic Children’s Clinical Hospital” at different times, who developed BOS against the background of Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and aspiration of a foreign body (feather from a pillow) into the bronchi. Both clinical cases show the importance of comprehensive, and most importantly, timely diagnostic procedure. In clinical case No. 1, the medical history of patient N. with Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome is described. The pathology was revealed owing to a comprehensive diagnostic procedure. Representatives of patient N. appealed to the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Republic of Crimea “Republic Children’s Clinical Hospital” in connection with the development of symptoms of bronchial obstruction. Clinical case No. 2 describes the untimely diagnosis of a radiolucent bronchial foreign body. In this situation, the ambiguity of the clinical picture and, as a result, the search for other pathologies cost the child his life.

Conclusion. Broncho-obstructive syndrome is associated with a variety of pathologies that are not limited to problems with the respiratory system. It is important to be able to identify symptoms in patients that will indicate the cause of the developed BOS.

The article presents the biography of a talented pediatrician Victor K. Menshikov, who made a substantial contribution to the history of the formation of pediatric services in Kazan and in the Republic of Tatarstan. Special attention is paid to the role of the professor in the development of therapeutic and preventive care for young children in an economic laggard with high morbidity and infant mortality at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The emphasis in the coverage of Victor K. Menshikov’s activities is focused on the organization of a department for infants on the basis of a children's clinic on the model of European clinics, the study of issues of dietetics and the expansion of the range of acidified milk formula in the nutrition of children with digestive disorders, a modern approach to the organization of the educational process in the training of national medical personnel. The presented information enriches the history of the development of pediatrics, science and healthcare in the Republic of Tatarstan and in Russian Federation.