<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rospedj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский педиатрический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Pediatric Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0843</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/rpj.v5i2.2756</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rospedj-756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Протокол наблюдения, обследования и антибактериальной терапии новорожденных с подозреваемой и/или подтвержденной неонатальной инфекцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Protocol of observation, examination and antibacterial therapy of newborns with suspected and/or confirmed neonatal infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-2956</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестак</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestak</surname><given-names>Evgenii V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестак Евгений Вячеславович, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог высшей категории; ассистент кафедры госпитальной педиатрии педиатрического факультета, руководитель молодежной научной лаборатории </p><p>620066, Екатеринбург, ул. Комвузовская, 3, тел.: +7 (343) 374-51-27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii V. Shestak, MD, PhD</p><p>3, Komvuzovskaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shestakev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6842-6532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ксенофонтова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ksenofontova</surname><given-names>Olga L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксенофонтова Ольга Леонидовна, к.м.н. [</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga L. Ksenofontova, MD, PhD</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail@ekpc-info.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-7351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковтун</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovtun</surname><given-names>Olga P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковтун Ольга Петровна, д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga P. Kovtun, MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">usma@usma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-0766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старков</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starkov</surname><given-names>Vadim Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старков Вадим Юрьевич</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim Yu. Starkov, MD</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.u.starkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Екатеринбургский клинический перинатальный центр; Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Clinical Perinatal Center; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>94–106</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шестак Е.В., Ксенофонтова О.Л., Ковтун О.П., Старков В.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шестак Е.В., Ксенофонтова О.Л., Ковтун О.П., Старков В.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shestak E.V., Ksenofontova O.L., Kovtun O.P., Starkov V.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rospedj.ru/jour/article/view/756">https://www.rospedj.ru/jour/article/view/756</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Одной из причин ранней неонатальной смерти в России и мире является инфекция. В течение последних лет в нашей стране инфекционный диагноз в 16–25% случаев являлся основным среди новорожденных, умерших в первые 168 ч жизни. По данным популяционных исследований разных стран, совокупная заболеваемость неонатальным сепсисом составляет 22 случая на 1000 живорожденных детей, а смертность — от 11 до 19%. Своевременная диагностика и назначение этиотропного лечения, в большинстве случаев антибактериальной терапии (АБТ), имеют решающее значение в исходе неонатальной инфекции. Однако в Российской Федерации, как и в большинстве других стран, отсутствуют единые протоколы и клинические рекомендации по данному вопросу. Таким образом, единственным решением данной проблемы является создание локальных протоколов, основанных на современной доказательной базе и в то же время соответствующих микробной флоре и материально-техническим возможностям конкретной медицинской организации. В статье представлен локальный протокол Екатеринбургского клинического перинатального центра (ЕКПЦ) «Протокол наблюдения, обследования и АБТ новорожденных с подозреваемой и/или подтвержденной неонатальной инфекцией», разработанный сотрудниками ЕКПЦ с учетом международных согласительных документов, данных рандомизированных клинических исследований и метаанализов, а также специфик перинатального центра.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. One of the causes of early neonatal death in Russia and the world is infection. In recent years, in our country, the infectious diagnosis in 16–25% of cases was the main one among newborns who died in the first 168 hours of life. According to population studies from different countries, the cumulative incidence of neonatal sepsis is 22 cases per 1,000 live births, and mortality ranges from 11 to 19%. According to the data, timely diagnosis and appointment of etiotropic treatment, in most cases of antibacterial therapy (ABT), are crucial in the outcome of neonatal infection. However, in the Russian Federation, as in most other countries, there are no uniform protocols and Guidelines on this issue. Thus, the only solution to this problem is to create local protocols based on modern evidence base and at the same time corresponding to the microbial flora and logistical capabilities of a particular medical organization. The article presents the local protocol of the Yekaterinburg Clinical Perinatal Center (ECPC) “Protocol of observation, examination and antibacterial therapy of newborns with suspected and/or confirmed neonatal infection”, developed by the staff of the ECPC taking into account international conciliation documents, data from randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses, as well as the specifics of the perinatal center.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новорожденный</kwd><kwd>врожденная инфекция</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>протокол</kwd><kwd>ранний неонатальный сепсис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>newborn</kwd><kwd>congenital infection</kwd><kwd>antibacterial therapy</kwd><kwd>protocol</kwd><kwd>early neonatal sepsis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отсутствует. Авторы выражают признательность за участие в создании Протокола сотрудникам ЕКПЦ: заместителю главного врача по педиатрии Д.С. Додрову, заведующим ОПН О.А. Химич и Ю.Е. Шинкиной, заведующим НО Н.С. Корнет и Т.Н. Ивановой, врачам Е.А. Мыларщиковой, Н.С. Милициной, О.И. Федотовой, Т.С. Адылову, Д.В. Светлаковой, М.М. Сабирову, П.В. Спирину</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байбарина Е.Н., Дегтярев Д.Н. (Перинатальная медицина: от теории к практике // Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. — 2013. — Т. 58. — № 5. — С. 4–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baibarina EN, Degtyarev DN. Perinatal medicine: from theory to practice. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii = Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 2013;58(5):4–7. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rawlinson WD, Hall B, Jones CA, et al. Viruses and other infections in stillbirth: what is the evidence and what should we be doing? Pathology. 2008;40(2):149–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00313020701813792</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rawlinson WD, Hall B, Jones CA, et al. Viruses and other infections in stillbirth: what is the evidence and what should we be doing? Pathology. 2008;40(2):149–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00313020701813792</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibbs RS. The origins of stillbirth: infectious diseases. Semin Perinatol. 2002;26(1):75–78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/sper.2002.29839</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibbs RS. The origins of stillbirth: infectious diseases. Semin Perinatol. 2002;26(1):75–78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/sper.2002.29839</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldenberg RL, Thompson C. The infectious origins of stillbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(3):861–873. doi: https://doi.org/10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00470-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldenberg RL, Thompson C. The infectious origins of stillbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(3):861–873. doi: https://doi.org/10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00470-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomez-Lopez N, Galaz J, Miller D, et al. The immunobiology of preterm labor and birth: intra-amniotic inflammation or breakdown of maternal-fetal homeostasis. Reproduction. 2022;164(2):R11–R45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/REP‑22-0046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomez-Lopez N, Galaz J, Miller D, et al. The immunobiology of preterm labor and birth: intra-amniotic inflammation or breakdown of maternal-fetal homeostasis. Reproduction. 2022;164(2):R11–R45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/REP‑22-0046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang M, Mishu MM, Lu D, Yin X. A case control study of risk factors and neonatal outcomes of preterm birth. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;57(6):814–818. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2018.10.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang M, Mishu MM, Lu D, Yin X. A case control study of risk factors and neonatal outcomes of preterm birth. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;57(6):814–818. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2018.10.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheung KW, Seto MTY, Wang W, et al. Trend and causes of maternal death, stillbirth and neonatal death over seven decades in Hong Kong. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022;26:100523. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100523</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheung KW, Seto MTY, Wang W, et al. Trend and causes of maternal death, stillbirth and neonatal death over seven decades in Hong Kong. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022;26:100523. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100523</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under‑5 mortality in 2000–15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet. 2016;388(10063):3027–3035. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31593-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">liu l, oza s, hogan d, et al. global, regional, and national causes of under‑5 mortality in 2000–15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the sustainable development goals. lancet. 2016;388(10063):3027–3035. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31593-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehtonen L, Gimeno A, Parra-Llorca A, Vento M.Early neonatal death: A challenge worldwide. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;22(3):153–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2017.02.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lehtonen L, Gimeno A, Parra-Llorca A, Vento M.Early neonatal death: A challenge worldwide. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;22(3):153–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2017.02.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Туманова У.Н., Щеголев А.И., Чаусов А.А., Шувалова М.П. Анализ причин ранней неонатальной смертности в Российской Федерации в 2020 г. (год пандемии COVID‑19) // Вестник Российского государственного медицинского университета. — 2021. — № 5. — С. 76–83. — doi: https://doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2021.045</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tumanova UN, Shchegolev AI, Chausov AA, Shuvalova MP. Analysis of causes of early neonatal mortality during COVID‑19 pandemic in 2020 in Russia. Bulletin of Russian State Medical University. 2021;(5):76–83. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2021.045]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кравченко Е.Н., Куклина Л.В. Внутриутробные инфекции в структуре ранней неонатальной смертности // Сибирское медицинское обозрение. — 2020. — № 3. — С. 97–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravchenko EN, Kuklina LV. Prenatal infections in the structure of early neonatal mortality. Siberian Medical Review. 2020;(3):97–100. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2020-3-97-100]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fleischmann-Struzek C, Goldfarb DM, Schlattmann P, et al. The global burden of paediatric and neonatal sepsis: a systematic review. Lancet Respir Med. 2018;6(3):223–230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30063-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleischmann-Struzek C, Goldfarb DM, Schlattmann P, et al. The global burden of paediatric and neonatal sepsis: a systematic review. Lancet Respir Med. 2018;6(3):223–230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30063-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wynn JL, Wong HR, Shanley TP, et al. Time for a neonatal-specific consensus definition for sepsis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014;15(6):523–528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000000157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wynn JL, Wong HR, Shanley TP, et al. Time for a neonatal-specific consensus definition for sepsis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014;15(6):523–528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000000157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puopolo KM, Benitz WE, Zaoutis TE. Management of Neonates Born at ≥ 350/7 Weeks’ Gestation With Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis. Pediatrics. 2018;142(6):e20182894. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2894</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puopolo KM, Benitz WE, Zaoutis TE. Management of Neonates Born at ≥ 350/7 Weeks’ Gestation With Suspected or Proven EarlyOnset Bacterial Sepsis. Pediatrics. 2018;142(6):e20182894. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2894</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verani JR, McGee L, Schrag SJ. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease — revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR‑10):1–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxx023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verani JR, McGee L, Schrag SJ. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease — revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR‑10):1–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxx023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Academy of Pediatrics. Group B streptococcal infections. In: Red Book: 2021 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 32nd edn. Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021. p. 707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Academy of Pediatrics. Group B streptococcal infections. In: Red Book: 2021 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 32nd edn. Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021. p. 707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schrag SJ, Farley MM, Petit S, et al. Epidemiology of Invasive Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis, 2005 to 2014. Pediatrics. 2016;138(6): e20162013. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schrag SJ, Farley MM, Petit S, et al. Epidemiology of Invasive Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis, 2005 to 2014. Pediatrics. 2016;138(6): e20162013. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuhn P, Dheu C, Bolender C, et al. Incidence and distribution of pathogens in early-onset neonatal sepsis in the era of antenatal antibiotics. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2010;24(5):479–487. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01132.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuhn P, Dheu C, Bolender C, et al. Incidence and distribution of pathogens in early-onset neonatal sepsis in the era of antenatal antibiotics. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2010;24(5):479–487. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01132.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stoll BJ, Puopolo KM, Hansen NI, et al. Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis 2015 to 2017, the Rise of Escherichia coli, and the Need for Novel Prevention Strategies. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(7): e200593. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0593</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoll BJ, Puopolo KM, Hansen NI, et al. Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis 2015 to 2017, the Rise of Escherichia coli, and the Need for Novel Prevention Strategies. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(7): e200593. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0593</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fortunov RM, Hulten KG, Hammerman WA, et al. Communityacquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in term and near-term previously healthy neonates. Pediatrics. 2006;118(3):874–881. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0884</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fortunov RM, Hulten KG, Hammerman WA, et al. Communityacquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in term and near-term previously healthy neonates. Pediatrics. 2006;118(3):874–881. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0884</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon A, Isaacs D. Late onset neonatal Gram-negative bacillary infection in Australia and New Zealand: 1992–2002. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(1):25–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000195628.35980.2e</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon A, Isaacs D. Late onset neonatal Gram-negative bacillary infection in Australia and New Zealand: 1992–2002. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(1):25–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000195628.35980.2e</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puopolo KM, Draper D, Wi S, et al. Estimating the probability of neonatal early-onset infection on the basis of maternal risk factors. Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):e1155–e1163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-3464</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puopolo KM, Draper D, Wi S, et al. Estimating the probability of neonatal early-onset infection on the basis of maternal risk factors. Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):e1155–e1163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-3464</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Escobar GJ, Puopolo KM, Wi S, et al. Stratification of risk of early-onset sepsis in newborns ≥ 34 weeks’ gestation. Pediatrics. 2014;133(1):30–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1689</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Escobar GJ, Puopolo KM, Wi S, et al. Stratification of risk of early-onset sepsis in newborns ≥ 34 weeks’ gestation. Pediatrics. 2014;133(1):30–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1689</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzniewicz MW, Puopolo KM, Fischer A, et al. A Quantitative, Risk-Based Approach to the Management of Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(4):365–371. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4678</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzniewicz MW, Puopolo KM, Fischer A, et al. A Quantitative, RiskBased Approach to the Management of Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(4):365–371. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4678</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Sánchez PJ, et al. Early onset neonatal sepsis: the burden of group B Streptococcal and E. coli disease continues. Pediatrics. 2011;127(5):817–826. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-2217</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Sánchez PJ, et al. Early onset neonatal sepsis: the burden of group B Streptococcal and E. coli disease continues. Pediatrics. 2011;127(5):817–826. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-2217</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anand V, Nair PM. Neonatal seizures: Predictors of adverse outcome. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2014;9(2):97–99. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-1745.139261</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anand V, Nair PM. Neonatal seizures: Predictors of adverse outcome. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2014;9(2):97–99. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-1745.139261</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pong A, Bradley JS. Bacterial meningitis and the newborn infant. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1999;13(3):711–733, viii. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70102-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pong A, Bradley JS. Bacterial meningitis and the newborn infant. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1999;13(3):711–733, viii. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70102-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nizet V, Klein JO. Bacterial sepsis and meningitis. In: Remington and Klein’s Infectious diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. 8th edn. Wilson CB, Nizet V, Maldonado Y, et al., eds. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2016. p. 217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizet V, Klein JO. Bacterial sepsis and meningitis. In: Remington and Klein’s Infectious diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. 8th edn. Wilson CB, Nizet V, Maldonado Y, et al., eds. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2016. p. 217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puopolo KM, Lynfield R, Cummings JJ. Management of Infants at Risk for Group B Streptococcal Disease. Pediatrics. 2019;144(2): e20191881. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1881</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puopolo KM, Lynfield R, Cummings JJ. Management of Infants at Risk for Group B Streptococcal Disease. Pediatrics. 2019;144(2): e20191881. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1881</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benitz WE, Wynn JL, Polin RA. Reappraisal of guidelines for management of neonates with suspected early-onset sepsis. J Pediatr. 2015;166(4):1070–1074. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benitz WE, Wynn JL, Polin RA. Reappraisal of guidelines for management of neonates with suspected early-onset sepsis. J Pediatr. 2015;166(4):1070–1074. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newman TB, Puopolo KM, Wi S, et al. Interpreting complete blood counts soon after birth in newborns at risk for sepsis. Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):903–909. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0935</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newman TB, Puopolo KM, Wi S, et al. Interpreting complete blood counts soon after birth in newborns at risk for sepsis. Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):903–909. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0935</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hornik CP, Benjamin DK, Becker KC, et al. Use of the complete blood cell count in early-onset neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31(8):799–802. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e318256905c</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hornik CP, Benjamin DK, Becker KC, et al. Use of the complete blood cell count in early-onset neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31(8):799–802. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e318256905c</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nuntnarumit P, Pinkaew O, Kitiwanwanich S. Predictive values of serial C-reactive protein in neonatal sepsis. J Med Assoc Thai. 2002;85(Suppl 4):S1151–S1158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nuntnarumit P, Pinkaew O, Kitiwanwanich S. Predictive values of serial C-reactive protein in neonatal sepsis. J Med Assoc Thai. 2002;85(Suppl 4):S1151–S1158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofer N, Zacharias E, Müller W, Resch B. An update on the use of C-reactive protein in early-onset neonatal sepsis: current insights and new tasks. Neonatology. 2012;102(1):25–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000336629</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofer N, Zacharias E, Müller W, Resch B. An update on the use of C-reactive protein in early-onset neonatal sepsis: current insights and new tasks. Neonatology. 2012;102(1):25–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000336629</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schelonka RL, Chai MK, Yoder BA, et al. Volume of blood required to detect common neonatal pathogens. J Pediatr. 1996;129(2):275–278. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70254-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schelonka RL, Chai MK, Yoder BA, et al. Volume of blood required to detect common neonatal pathogens. J Pediatr. 1996;129(2):275–278. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70254-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maniaci V, Dauber A, Weiss S, et al. Procalcitonin in young febrile infants for the detection of serious bacterial infections. Pediatrics. 2008;122(4):701–710. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3503</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maniaci V, Dauber A, Weiss S, et al. Procalcitonin in young febrile infants for the detection of serious bacterial infections. Pediatrics. 2008;122(4):701–710. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3503</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vouloumanou EK, Plessa E, Karageorgopoulos DE, et al. Serum procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37(5):747–762. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2174-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vouloumanou EK, Plessa E, Karageorgopoulos DE, et al. Serum procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37(5):747–762. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2174-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hedegaard SS, Wisborg K, Hvas AM. Diagnostic utility of biomarkers for neonatal sepsis — a systematic review. Infect Dis (Lond). 2015;47(3):117–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.971053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hedegaard SS, Wisborg K, Hvas AM. Diagnostic utility of biomarkers for neonatal sepsis — a systematic review. Infect Dis (Lond). 2015;47(3):117–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.971053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Врожденная цитомегаловирусная инфекция: клинические рекомендации. М.: Минздрав России; 2023. Доступно по: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/260_2. Ссылка активна на 24.09.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vrozhdennaya tsitomegalovirusnaya infektsiya: Clinical guidelines. Moscow: Ministry of Health of Russia; 2023.] Доступно по: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/260_2. Ссылка активна на 24.09.2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов А.Г., Байбарина Е.Н., Балашова Е.Н. и др. Врожденная пневмония (клинические рекомендации) // Неонатология: новости, мнения, обучение. — 2017. — № 4. — С. 133–148. — doi: https://doi.org/10.24411/2308-2402-2017-00049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonov AG, Baibarina EN, Balashova EN, et al. Vrozhdennaya pnevmoniya (klinicheskie rekomendatsii). Neonatology: news, views, education. 2017;(4):133–148. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.24411/2308-2402-2017-00049]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodiamont CJ, van den Broek AK, de Vroom SL, et al. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin in Various Patient Populations and Consequences for Optimal Dosing for Gram-Negative Infections: An Updated Review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022;61(8):1075–1094. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-022-01143-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodiamont CJ, van den Broek AK, de Vroom SL, et al. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin in Various Patient Populations and Consequences for Optimal Dosing for Gram-Negative Infections: An Updated Review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022;61(8):1075–1094. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-022-01143-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toy C. Medications. In: Guidelines for acute care of the neonate. Fernandes CJ, Pammi M, Katakam L, eds. Houston: TX; 2022–2023. p. 300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toy C. Medications. In: Guidelines for acute care of the neonate. Fernandes CJ, Pammi M, Katakam L, eds. Houston: TX; 2022–2023. p. 300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Academy of Pediatrics. Tables of antibacterial drug dosages. In: Red Book: 2021–2024. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. 32nd edn. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021. p. 876.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Academy of Pediatrics. Tables of antibacterial drug dosages. In: Red Book: 2021–2024. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. 32nd edn. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021. p. 876.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flannery DD, Puopolo KM, Hansen NI, et al. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Among Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis Pathogens. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2022;41(3):263–271. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003380</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flannery DD, Puopolo KM, Hansen NI, et al. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Among Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis Pathogens. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2022;41(3):263–271. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003380</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов Д.О., Шабалов Н.П., Петренко Ю.В. Неонатальный сепсис. Опыт построения гипотезы // Детская медицина СевероЗапада. — 2012. — Т. 3.— № 3. — С. 37–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov DO, Shabalov NP, Petrenko YV. Neonatal sepsis. Experience of the hypothesis. Children’s Medicine of the North-West. 2012;3(3):37–45. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дьячкова В.С., Бажукова Т.А. Механизмы резистентности микроорганизмов к β-лактамным антибиотикам // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. — 2014. — Т. 91.— № 4. — С. 101–109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyachkova VS, Bazhukova TA. Mechanisms of microorganism resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2014;91(4):101–109. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muller-Pebody B, Johnson AP, Heath PT, et al. Empirical treatment of neonatal sepsis: are the current guidelines adequate? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2011;96(1):F4–F8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.178483</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muller-Pebody B, Johnson AP, Heath PT, et al. Empirical treatment of neonatal sepsis: are the current guidelines adequate? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2011;96(1):F4–F8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.178483</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maayan-Metzger A, Barzilai A, Keller N, Kuint J. Are the “good old” antibiotics still appropriate for early-onset neonatal sepsis? A 10 year survey. Isr Med Assoc J. 2009;11(3):138–142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maayan-Metzger A, Barzilai A, Keller N, Kuint J. Are the “good old” antibiotics still appropriate for early-onset neonatal sepsis? A 10 year survey. Isr Med Assoc J. 2009;11(3):138–142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cleminson J, Austin N, McGuire W. Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(10):CD003850. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003850.pub5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cleminson J, Austin N, McGuire W. Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(10):CD003850. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003850.pub5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benjamin DK Jr, Hudak ML, Duara S, et al. Effect of fluconazole prophylaxis on candidiasis and mortality in premature infants: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311(17):1742–1749. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.2624</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benjamin DK Jr, Hudak ML, Duara S, et al. Effect of fluconazole prophylaxis on candidiasis and mortality in premature infants: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311(17):1742–1749. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.2624</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robati Anaraki M, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Abdoli Oskoei S. Fluconazole prophylaxis against invasive candidiasis in very low and extremely low birth weight preterm neonates: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(4):172–179. doi: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01431</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robati Anaraki M, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Abdoli Oskoei S. Fluconazole prophylaxis against invasive candidiasis in very low and extremely low birth weight preterm neonates: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(4):172–179. doi: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01431</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karlowicz MG, Buescher ES, Surka AE. Fulminant late-onset sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit, 1988–1997, and the impact of avoiding empiric vancomycin therapy. Pediatrics. 2000;106(6):1387–1390. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.6.1387</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlowicz MG, Buescher ES, Surka AE. Fulminant late-onset sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit, 1988–1997, and the impact of avoiding empiric vancomycin therapy. Pediatrics. 2000;106(6):1387–1390. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.6.1387</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bekhof J, Reitsma JB, Kok JH, Van Straaten IH. Clinical signs to identify late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr. 2013;172(4):501–508. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-012-1910-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekhof J, Reitsma JB, Kok JH, Van Straaten IH. Clinical signs to identify late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr. 2013;172(4):501–508. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-012-1910-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffin MP, Lake DE, O’Shea TM, Moorman JR. Heart rate characteristics and clinical signs in neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Res. 2007;61(2):222–227. doi: https://doi.org/10.1203/01.pdr.0000252438.65759.af</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Griffin MP, Lake DE, O’Shea TM, Moorman JR. Heart rate characteristics and clinical signs in neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Res. 2007;61(2):222–227. doi: https://doi.org/10.1203/01.pdr.0000252438.65759.af</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polin RA, Denson S, Brady MT. Epidemiology and diagnosis of health care-associated infections in the NICU. Pediatrics. 2012;129(4): e1104–e1109. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polin RA, Denson S, Brady MT. Epidemiology and diagnosis of health care-associated infections in the NICU. Pediatrics. 2012;129(4): e1104–e1109. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management, Roberts KB. Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. Pediatrics. 2011;128(3):595–610. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1330</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management, Roberts KB. Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. Pediatrics. 2011;128(3):595–610. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1330</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Subcommittee on urinary tract infection. Reaffirmation of AAP Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis and Management of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children 2–24 Months of Age. Pediatrics. 2016;138(6):e20163026. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-3026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Subcommittee on urinary tract infection. Reaffirmation of AAP Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis and Management of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children 2–24 Months of Age. Pediatrics. 2016;138(6):e20163026. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-3026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiu CH, Michelow IC, Cronin J, et al. Effectiveness of a guideline to reduce vancomycin use in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(4):273–278. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3182011d12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiu CH, Michelow IC, Cronin J, et al. Effectiveness of a guideline to reduce vancomycin use in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(4):273–278. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3182011d12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donnelly PC, Sutich RM, Easton R, et al. Ceftriaxone-Associated Biliary and Cardiopulmonary Adverse Events in Neonates: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Paediatr Drugs. 2017;19(1):21–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-016-0197-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donnelly PC, Sutich RM, Easton R, et al. Ceftriaxone-Associated Biliary and Cardiopulmonary Adverse Events in Neonates: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Paediatr Drugs. 2017;19(1):21–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-016-0197-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тапальский Д.В., Бонда Н.А. Acinetobacter baumannii: распространенность, спектр и динамика антибиотикорезистентности, чувствительность к комбинациям антибиотиков // Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета. — 2018. — Т. 16.— № 3. — С. 286–291. https://doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2018-16-3-286-291]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tapalski DV, Bonda NA. Acinetobacter baumannii: prevalence, spectrum and dynamics of antimicrobial resistance, susceptibility to antibiotic combinations. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2018;16(3):286–291. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2018-16-3-286-291]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(9):1267–1284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/425368</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(9):1267–1284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/425368</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heath PT, Nik Yusoff NK, Baker CJ. Neonatal meningitis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003;88(3):F173–F178. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.88.3.f173</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heath PT, Nik Yusoff NK, Baker CJ. Neonatal meningitis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003;88(3):F173–F178. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.88.3.f173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chadwick SL, Wilson JW, Levin JE, Martin JM. Cerebrospinal fluid characteristics of infants who present to the emergency department with fever: establishing normal values by week of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(4):e63–e67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e31820ad2ba</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chadwick SL, Wilson JW, Levin JE, Martin JM. Cerebrospinal fluid characteristics of infants who present to the emergency department with fever: establishing normal values by week of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(4):e63–e67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e31820ad2ba</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srinivasan L, Shah SS, Padula MA, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid reference ranges in term and preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatr. 2012;161(4):729–734. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.03.051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srinivasan L, Shah SS, Padula MA, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid reference ranges in term and preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatr. 2012;161(4):729–734. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.03.051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomson J, Sucharew H, Cruz AT, et al. Cerebrospinal Fluid Reference Values for Young Infants Undergoing Lumbar Puncture. Pediatrics. 2018;141(3):e20173405. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3405</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomson J, Sucharew H, Cruz AT, et al. Cerebrospinal Fluid Reference Values for Young Infants Undergoing Lumbar Puncture. Pediatrics. 2018;141(3):e20173405. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3405</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Academy of Pediatrics. Serious neonatal bacterial infections caused by enterobacteriaceae (including septicemia and meningitis). In: Red Book: 2021–2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. 32nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021. p. 311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Academy of Pediatrics. Serious neonatal bacterial infections caused by enterobacteriaceae (including septicemia and meningitis). In: Red Book: 2021–2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. 32nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021. p. 311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(3):e18–e55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciq146</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(3):e18–e55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciq146</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stocker M, Hop WC, van Rossum AM. Neonatal Procalcitonin Intervention Study (NeoPInS): Effect of Procalcitonin-guided decision making on Duration of antibiotic Therapy in suspected neonatal early-onset Sepsis: A multi-centre randomized superiority and noninferiority Intervention Study. BMC Pediatr. 2010;10:89. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-10-89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stocker M, Hop WC, van Rossum AM. Neonatal Procalcitonin Intervention Study (NeoPInS): Effect of Procalcitonin-guided decision making on Duration of antibiotic Therapy in suspected neonatal early-onset Sepsis: A multi-centre randomized superiority and noninferiority Intervention Study. BMC Pediatr. 2010;10:89. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-10-89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Byington CL, Kendrick J, Sheng X. Normative cerebrospinal fluid profiles in febrile infants. J Pediatr. 2011;158(1):130–134. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Byington CL, Kendrick J, Sheng X. Normative cerebrospinal fluid profiles in febrile infants. J Pediatr. 2011;158(1):130–134. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
