rospedjРоссийский педиатрический журналRussian Pediatric Journal2687-0843Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/rpj.v4i3.2617rospedj-662Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONSМолекулярные особенности рака щитовидной железы у детейMolecular features of thyroid cancer in childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-7423БаеваО. К.BaevaOksana K.

Баева Оксана Константиновна, ассистент кафедры поликлинической и неотложной педиатрии

344022, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Суворова, д. 119, тел.: +7 (927) 314-98-33

MD

119, Suvorova Str., Rostov-on-Don, 344022

olofb@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-4745КиселеваН. С.KiselevaNatalya S.

Киселева Наталья Сергеевна, ординатор

Йошкар-Ола

resident

Yoshkar-Ola

nata@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-727XБикташеваЭ. Э.BiktashevaElina E.

Бикташева Элина Эдуардовна, ординатор

Уфа

resident

Ufa

elina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5689-5489ГазизоваЛ. Р.GazizovaLiliya R.

Газизова Лилия Раиловна, ординатор

Уфа

resident

Ufa

iliya.g@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1340-9537ФиминаМ. И.FiminaMargarita I.

Фимина Маргарита Ивановна, студентка

Оренбург

student

Orenburg

margo@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-0106АхметоваИ. И.AkhmetovaIlyuza I.

Ахметова Илюза Ирековна, ординатор

Уфа

resident

Ufa

akhmetovai@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-3687КазаковаА. Э.KazakovaAnastasiya E.

Казакова Анастасия Эдуардовна, ординатор

Тула

resident

Tula

kazakova111197@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-2421ЯдренкинК. Д.YadrenkinKirill D.

Ядренкин Кирилл Дмитриевич, ординатор

Уфа

resident

Ufa

yadrenkink@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2638-4386ДаутоваД. А.DautovaDarya A.

Даутова Дарья Адусовна, ординатор

Уфа

resident

Ufa

yagafarovad@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-9952ГришниковаА. Д.GrishnikovaAnastasiya D.

Гришникова Анастасия Дмитриевна, ординатор

Уфа

resident

Ufa

nastena@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9939-9159ГайсинаЭ. Д.GaisinaElvira D.

Гайсина Эльвира Димовна, студентка

Уфа

student

Ufa

gaisinae@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2532-0978ГалиаскароваИ. А.GaliaskarovaIlina A.

Галиаскарова Илина Адисовна, студентка

Уфа

student

Ufa

galiaskarova@bk.ruРостовский государственный медицинский университетРоссияRostov State Medical UniversityRussian FederationМарийский государственный университетРоссияMari State UniversityRussian FederationБашкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian FederationОренбургский государственный медицинский университетРоссияOrenburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationТульский государственный университетРоссияTula State UniversityRussian Federation202321092023437384Copyright © Баева О.К., Киселева Н.С., Бикташева Э.Э., Газизова Л.Р., Фимина М.И., Ахметова И.И., Казакова А.Э., Ядренкин К.Д., Даутова Д.А., Гришникова А.Д., Гайсина Э.Д., Галиаскарова И.А., 20232023Баева О.К., Киселева Н.С., Бикташева Э.Э., Газизова Л.Р., Фимина М.И., Ахметова И.И., Казакова А.Э., Ядренкин К.Д., Даутова Д.А., Гришникова А.Д., Гайсина Э.Д., Галиаскарова И.А.Baeva O.K., Kiseleva N.S., Biktasheva E.E., Gazizova L.R., Fimina M.I., Akhmetova I.I., Kazakova A.E., Yadrenkin K.D., Dautova D.A., Grishnikova A.D., Gaisina E.D., Galiaskarova I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rospedj.ru/jour/article/view/662Обоснование

Обоснование. Злокачественные новообразования щитовидной железы являются наиболее распространенными эндокринными злокачественными новообразованиями в детской возрастной группе. В отличие от взрослых, у которых чаще всего  встречаются  мутации  BRAF  и  RAS,  у  детей  наблюдаются  хромосомные  перестройки.  Актуальность  объясняется отсутствием всесторонних исследований, посвященных раку щитовидной железы у детей, в русскоязычной литературе.

Цель  исследования  —  обобщить  и  систематизировать  литературные  данные,  посвященные  молекулярным  особенностям рака щитовидной железы у детей.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Авторами был проведен поиск публикаций в электронной базе данных PubMed с использованием следующего алгоритма: Molecular AND Thyroid cancer AND pediatrics. Нами была обнаружена  451  публикация,  после  просмотра  аннотаций  в  обзор  было  включено  111  исследований,  описывающих молекулярные особенности рака щитовидной железы в педиатрической популяции. Публикации исключались по причине дублирования и несоответствия тематике настоящего исследования.

Результаты

Результаты. Вместо точечных мутаций BRAF и RAS, характерных для взрослых, независимо от радиационного статуса, у детей чаще встречаются хромосомные перестройки. Реаранжировка генов RET/PTC является наиболее распространенной, за ней следуют слияния BRAF. Мутации промотора TERT, которые являются маркерами агрессивного течения заболевания у взрослых, у детей встречаются редко. Мутации DICER1, по-видимому, играют ключевую роль в педиатрических случаях фолликулярного и папиллярного рака щитовидной железы. Медуллярный рак щитовидной железы (МРЩЖ) у детей требует исключения синдрома множественных эндокринных неоплазий (МЭН 2-го типа). Опухоли, происходящие из фолликулярных клеток, отличные от МРЩЖ, редко могут быть семейными. Литературные данные о роли микроРНК в качестве биомаркера при карциномах щитовидной железы у детей на сегодняшний день ограниченны.

Background

Background. Malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland are the most common endocrine malignant neoplasms in the children’s age group. Unlike adults, who most often have BRAF and RAS mutations, children have chromosomal displacements. The relevance is explained by the lack of comprehensive studies on thyroid cancer in children in the Russian-language literature.

The aim of the study is — to summarize and systematize the literature data on the molecular features of thyroid cancer in children.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The authors conducted a search for publications in the PubMed electronic database using the following algorithm: Molecular AND Thyroid cancer AND pediatrics. We found 451 publications, and after reviewing the annotations, 111 studies describing the molecular features of thyroid cancer in the pediatric population were included in the review. Publications were excluded due to duplication and inconsistency with the subject of this study.

Results

Results. Instead of point mutations of BRAF and RAS, characteristic of adults, regardless of radiation status, chromosomal displacements are more common in children. Re-arrangement of RET/PTC genes is the most common, followed by BRAF fusions. Mutations of the TERT promoter, which are markers of the aggressive course of the disease in adults, are rare in children. DICER1 mutations appear to play a key role in pediatric cases of follicular and papillary thyroid cancer. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in children requires the exclusion of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN type 2). Tumors originating from follicular cells other than MTC can rarely be familial. Literature data on the role of microRNA as a biomarker in thyroid carcinomas in children is currently limited.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.